Identification of machining defects by Small Displacement Torsor and form parameterization method

In the context of product quality, the methods that can be used to estimate machining defects and predict causes of these defects are one of the important factors of a manufacturing process. The two approaches that are presented in this article are used to determine the machining defects. The first approach uses the Small Displacement Torsor (SDT) concept [BM] to determine displacement dispersions (translations and rotations) of machined surfaces. The second one, which takes into account form errors of machined surface (i.e. twist, comber, undulation), uses a geometrical model based on the modal shape's properties, namely the form parameterization method [FS1]. A case study is then carried out to analyze the machining defects of a batch of machined parts

Logiciel de génération de colonnes

Un modèle unifié sour la forme d'un problème non linéaire de flot multi-commodités -- Décomposition de la formulation -- Portée du modèle -- Problème SPTW -- Du problème SPTW au modèle unifié -- Méthodes de résolutin du modèle unifié décomposé -- Applications basées sur le modèle unifié -- Génération de colonnes et programmation en nombres entiers -- Un problèm linéaire P en nombres entiers -- La phase d'évaluation -- La phase de séparation : revue de littérature -- Une reformulation multi-commodités Q de P -- Résolution de P par l'intermédiaire de Q -- Mise en oeuvre de Gencol -- Historique des versions 0, 1 et 2 de Gencol -- Mise en oeuvre de Gencol-3 et de Gencol 4 -- Stabilisation pour la génération de colonnes -- Problème Peo -- Algorithme stabilisé -- Agrégation de contraintes -- Redondance, partitions et agrégation -- Agrégation statique -- Agrégation dynamique

Relationship between smoothing temperature, storage time, syneresis and rheological properties of stirred yogurt

Six different smoothing temperatures were compared for nonfat yogurt and the changes in syneresis and rheological properties observed for up to 22 days. Multiple linear regressions were used to describe the syneresis, firmness, flow time, viscosity, and flow resistance and the relationship between these properties, the smoothing temperature and the storage time. During storage, viscosity, firmness, and flow time increased; syneresis and flow resistance remained stable. Syneresis increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with smoothing temperature (10–35 °C). Other properties increased slightly (P > 0.05), and properties started to decrease above 30 °C. Syneresis, viscosity, and flow resistance were more sensitive to smoothing temperature; firmness and flow time were more sensitive to storage time. Lower smoothing temperature (10 °C) should be used to minimize syneresis while smoothing temperature ranging from 25 to 30 °C is better to improve rheological properties. Storage time must be considered to optimize these properties

Idéologies de la nation, idéologies de l’éducation au Canada entre 1867 et 1960: le “bénéfice du locuteur” majoritaire ou minoritaire

Deux grands courants idéologiques nationaux et éducatifs se sont développés au Canada entre 1867 et 1960. Les adhérents de chacune de ces idéologies ont trouvé des avantages concordant avec leur statut de majoritaire ou de minoritaire. Pour ceux de l’idéologie homogénéiste, l’uniformité linguistique et culturelle est la condition nécessaire au maintien de l’unité nationale. Pour ceux de l’idéologie dualiste, au contraire, la reconnaissance de la dualité est la condition nécessaire au maintien de l’unité nationale. À cause de ces oppositions idéologiques, les projets éducatifs des minorités et ceux de la majorité entrent donc systématiquement en collision. Ce retour historique permet de mieux comprendre les raisons profondes qui motivent, aujourd’hui, la résistance aux droits scolaires constitutionnels promulgués par l’article 23 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés (1982). Two national educational ideologies developed in Canada between 1867 and 1960. Their adherents were more or less successful in achieving their educational goals depending on whether they were in the majority or in a minority. Those who held to an ideology of homogeneity saw linguistic and cultural uniformity as the precondition of national unity, whereas dualist ideologues thought duality the necessary condition of unity. This ideo- logical antinomy has led systematically to majority-minority clashes. An historical perspective helps us understand the reasons for resistance to education provisions in article 23 of the 1982 Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

How do smoothing conditions and storage time change syneresis, rheological and microstructural properties of nonfat stirred acid milk gel?

Nonfat acid milk gel, acidified by GDL, was used to simulate microbial fermentation of milk to produce stirred yoghurt. Acid milk gel preparation at laboratory scale included stirring, pumping, smoothing and cooling operations. Two filters (pre-smoothed, 1 mm; smoothed, 500 μm), three smoothing temperatures (13, 22 and 35 °C) and two storage times (1 and 22 days) were studied. Syneresis, microgels size and smoothness of microgels were analysed for pre-smoothed and smoothed gels; viscosity, storage modulus, firmness and total pore area were only analysed for smoothed gel. After 1 and 22 days of storage, pre-smoothed gels developed lower syneresis and smaller microgels than smoothed gels at 22 °C. For smoothed gels, regardless of the smoothing temperature, syneresis, firmness, microgels size and smoothness increased during storage, while total pore area decreased and viscosity remained stable. Viscosity was lower when smoothing was performed at 35 °C and was correlated to rougher microgels

The role of Media in reporting child abuse

This study looks at the short-term impact that the media coverage of children in need of protection had on the number of cases reported to child protection agencies. The number of reports (N = 11,646) made to these agencies in Canada was tallied each week during a 24-month period. During the same period, a content analysis of print media was conducted regarding child maltreatment and/or child protection services (CPS) to identify and count the number of articles published (N = 1,211) and single out media frenzy events. Results show a statistically significant relationship between media coverage and the number of cases reported to child protection agencies

Quand la DPJ fait la une! Une analyse du traitement médiatique de la maltraitance au Québec

Cet article porte sur la place qu’occupent la maltraitance et les situations impliquant les services de la protection de la jeunesse dans la presse écrite au Québec. Deux questions sont examinées : Quelle est l’ampleur de la couverture journalistique de la protection de la jeunesse? Comment la problématique de la maltraitance et les services de la protection de la jeunesse y sont-ils présentés? Pour ce faire, le contenu des principaux quotidiens a été analysé sur une période de 24 mois, par la constitution de deux corpus de données (N = 1211; N = 451), le premier afin de dénombrer le nombre d’articles et d’identifier les battages médiatiques, le second afin de décrire le contenu de ces nouvelles. Il ressort de cette étude que la maltraitance est un sujet qui retient, comme ailleurs, beaucoup l’attention des médias québécois. Cette couverture médiatique surreprésente les formes de maltraitance les moins fréquentes et, dans l’ensemble, porte un jugement neutre à l’égard des services de la protection de la jeunesse.This article examines the printed media’s coverage of child maltreatment and child protective services in the province of Quebec. Two questions are examined : What is the scope of this coverage? How are child maltreatment and child protective services presented? In order to do so, the content of the province’s main daily newspapers has been analysed for a period of 24 months. This has led to the constitution of two datasets (N = 1211; N = 451). The first one has allowed us to identify trends in the number of articles published over time as well as statistical relationships between the number of articles published and specific news events. The second dataset was used for a more in-depth content analysis of news stories. Findings reveal that child maltreatment is the object, in Quebec as elsewhere, of an important amount of media coverage. This coverage has been found to over represent the least frequent types of child maltreatment and, overall, to provide a rather neutral assessment of child protective services

Adverse Outcome Pathways during Early Fish Development: A Conceptual Framework for Identification of Chemical Screening and Prioritization Strategies

The fish early life-stage (FELS) test guideline (OECD 210 or OCSPP 850.1400) is the most frequently used bioassay for predicting chronic fish toxicity and supporting aquatic ecological risk assessments around the world. For each chemical, the FELS test requires a minimum of 360 fish and 1 to 3 months from test initiation to termination. Although valuable for predicting fish full life-cycle toxicity, FELS tests are labor and resource intensive and, due to an emphasis on apical endpoints, provide little to no information about chemical mode of action. Therefore, the development and implementation of alternative testing strategies for screening and prioritizing chemicals has the potential to reduce the cost and number of animals required for estimating FELS toxicity and, at the same time, provides insights into mechanisms of toxicity. Using three reference chemicals with well-established yet distinct adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) in early life stages of fish, we proposed FELS-specific AOPs as conceptual frameworks for identifying useful chemical screening and prioritization strategies. The reference chemicals selected as case studies were a cardiotoxic aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin), neurotoxic acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (chlorpyrifos), and narcotic surfactant (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate). Using qualitative descriptions for each chemical during early fish development, we developed generalized AOPs and, based on these examples, proposed a three-tiered testing strategy for screening and prioritizing chemicals for FELS testing. Linked with biologically based concentration-response models, a tiered testing strategy may help reduce the reliance on long-term and costly FELS tests required for assessing the hazard of thousands of chemicals currently in commerc

Fathead minnow steroidogenesis: in silico analyses reveals tradeoffs between nominal target efficacy and robustness to cross-talk

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Interpreting proteomic and genomic data is a major challenge in predictive ecotoxicology that can be addressed by a systems biology approach. Mathematical modeling provides an organizational platform to consolidate protein dynamics with possible genomic regulation. Here, a model of ovarian steroidogenesis in the fathead minnow, <it>Pimephales promelas</it>, (FHM) is developed to evaluate possible transcriptional regulation of steroid production observed in microarray studies.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The model was developed from literature sources, integrating key signaling components (G-protein and PKA activation) with their ensuing effect on steroid production. The model properly predicted trajectory behavior of estradiol and testosterone when fish were exposed to fadrozole, a specific aromatase inhibitor, but failed to predict the steroid hormone behavior occurring one week post-exposure as well as the increase in steroid levels when the stressor was removed. In vivo microarray data implicated three modes of regulation which may account for over-production of steroids during a depuration phase (when the stressor is removed): P450 enzyme up-regulation, inhibin down-regulation, and luteinizing hormone receptor up-regulation. Simulation studies and sensitivity analysis were used to evaluate each case as possible source of compensation to endocrine stress.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Simulation studies of the testosterone and estradiol response to regulation observed in microarray data supported the hypothesis that the FHM steroidogenesis network compensated for endocrine stress by modulating the sensitivity of the ovarian network to global cues coming from the hypothalamus and pituitary. Model predictions of luteinizing hormone receptor regulation were consistent with depuration and in vitro data. These results challenge the traditional approach to network elucidation in systems biology. Generally, the most sensitive interactions in a network are targeted for further elucidation but microarray evidence shows that homeostatic regulation of the steroidogenic network is likely maintained by a mildly sensitive interaction. We hypothesize that effective network elucidation must consider both the sensitivity of the target as well as the target's robustness to biological noise (in this case, to cross-talk) when identifying possible points of regulation.</p